Caucasian Languages, North Caucasian languages

P.K. Uslar, Etnografiia Kavkaza: IAzykoznanie, 6 vol. in 3 (1887 - 96), and a more recent volume, published from the author's manuscript, vol. 7 (1979), contains descriptive grammars of the individual North Caucasian languages. A. Tschikobava, �Die ibero-kaukasischen Gebirgssprachen und der heutige Stand ihrer Erforschung in Georgien,� Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 9:109 - 161 (1959), a brief survey of the North Caucasian languages, includes an extensive bibliography. N. Trubetzkoy, �Nordkaukasische Wortgleichungen,� Wiener Zeitschrift f�r die Kunde des Morgenlandes, vol. 37 (1930), pp. 79 - 92, establishes sets of sound correspondences between the West and East Caucasian languages and deals with the history of their consonantism. Georges Dum�zil, �tudes comparatives sur les langues caucasiennes du nord-ouest (morphologie) (1932), offers a comparative analysis of the grammatical structure of the Abkhazo-Adyghian languages. A.H. Kuipers, Phoneme and Morpheme in Kabardian (East Adyghe) (1960), analyzes in detail the phonemic structure of morphemes in Kabardian and includes a typological comparison with other linguistic systems. W.S. Allen, �Structure and System in the Abaza Verbal Complex,� Transactions of the Philological Society (1956), pp. 127 - 176, comprehensively analyzes the verb structure in Abaza.Two essays by Alf Sommerfelt in Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, ��tudes comparatives sur le caucasique du Nord-ouest,� 7:178 - 210 (1934), and ��tudes comparatives . . . Nord-est,� 9:115 - 143 (1938), compare the sound systems of the Nakh languages. Henricus Joannes Smeets, Studies in West Circassian Phonology and Morphology (1984); John Colarusso, The Northwest Caucasian Languages: A Phonological Survey (1988), and A Grammar of the Kabardian Languages (1992); and Martin Haspelmath, A Grammar of Lezgian (1993). T.E. Gudava, Konsonantizm andiiskikh iaazykov (1964), reconstructs the original consonant system of the Avar-Andi-Dido languages. B.K. Gigineishvili, Sravnitel'naia fonetika dagestanskikh iazykov (1977), presents a comparative phonetic study of Dagestanian languages. Two essays in N.I. Konrad et al. (eds.), IAzyki Azii i Afriki, vol. 3, IAzyki drevnei Perednei Azii (nesemitskie) (1979), are also of interest: E.A. Bokarev, �Dagestanskie iazyki,� pp. 161 - 172; and M.A. Kumakhov and A.K. Shagirov, �Abkhazo-adygskie iazyki,� pp. 133 - 160.